Statistical and sequential (fill-and-draw) approach to enhance rhamnolipid production using industrial lignocellulosic hydrolysate C6 stream from Achromobacter sp. (PS1).

Statistical optimization using industrial rice-straw hydrolysate (C6 stream) containing 5.0% total sugars was carried out for enhancing the rhamnolipid production from Achromobacter sp. (PS1) with subsequent adoption of a sequential fermentation approach with fill-and-draw operation for further increment. The interactive effects of six influential variables obtained from one-factor-at-a-time approach as sodium nitrate, yeast extract, ferrous sulphate, phosphate concentrations and agitation in presence of lignocellulosic hydrolyzed sugars as a basal medium using central composite design revealed the experimental rhamnolipid yield of 5.46 g/L at optimum conditions of total sugars 40 g/L (w/v), sodium nitrate 6.0 (g/L), yeast extract 2 (g/L), ferrous sulphate 0.2 (mg/L) and phosphate 1000 mM at 100 rpm at 30 °C in 8 days. The sequential approach further resulted in an overall yield of 19.35 g/L of rhamnolpid in five sequential-cycles with an increase of 258% over the batch process on account of nutrients replenishment and dilution of toxic by-products.

Aneurysms of the posterior communicating artery and oculomotor paresis.

One hundred and seventy-four patients with a posterior communicating aneurysm were seen over a 21 year period. There was a ratio of four females to one male and women were on average five years older. Fifty-nine (34%) had an oculomotor paresis. This group had up to four attacks of localized headache, large multiloculated aneurysms, and a greater time lapse from the onset of symptoms to surgery compared with those patients without oculomotor palsy. Delay in treatment allowed further attacks to occur which increased the mortality rate and decreased the chance that the eye would recover. Eighteen people who had had a palsy before craniotomy two to 18 years previously were examined. In four (22%) the paralysis had recovered completely, 14 (78%) had greatly reduced oculomotor function, and nine (50%) showed aberrant regeneration of the nerve. Nine of 62 patients, seven of whom were seen, developed a palsy after craniotomy and in five the eye had returned to normal.

Central rupture of the liver with massive liver-cell necrosis: A case report and review of the literature

A case of massive central rupture of the liver in which the patient became jaundiced is described. Autopsy revealed, in addition to the intrahepatic haematoma, large areas of infarction in the liver, some of which had become infected and had given rise to septic embolization to various organs. There was deranged liver function which is ascribed to the structural changes found in the liver. The occurrence of hepatocellular jaundice with this type of liver injury has not, to our knowledge, been previously recorded. It is suggested that immediate investigation and treatment are essential if the patient is to survive.(AU)